The Role of the Communist Party of China’s Leadership in alleviating poverty in China

Alaa Aldeek1 Jun Ding2

Institute of the Middle East Studies at Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.

Email: alaaaldeek@hotmail.com

Institute of the Middle East Studies at Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.

Email: aldingjun@163.com

HNSJ, 2023, 4(4); https://doi.org/10.53796/hnsj441

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Published at 01/04/2023 Accepted at 05/03/2023

Abstract

This study deals with the role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in China, with the aim of achieving the building of a well-off society, deepening reform and opening up, governing the state according to law, and strictly managing the party, leading to build a modern socialist state, and comprehensively advancing the process of the great contemporary of the Chinese nation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effective of the role of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in China, by examining the general policies and ideas of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the modern era, the most important of which are: strict party rule in facing all challenges, careful awareness of all problems and try to solve it, striving to achieve a harmonious and advanced society through self-reliance, reform and openness, follow-up on building a modern state and achieving the renaissance of the Chinese nation, responding to people’s desires, making people the focus of work, advancing the countryside and alleviating poverty, and achieve social & economic development.

The study concluded that the role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in China is effective and tangible, and has the characteristic of continuity in theory and practice, to serve the present and achieve innovation for the future, and work with a strong willing to achieve progress and harmony, which leads to build a socialist civilized country with Chinese characteristics for better future.

Accordingly, this study is considered important for further studies, to get advantages from this experience, especially that the role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in China, has characterized by serious in solidarity and the pursuit of happiness and prosperity, to build a well-off society, in light of social growth and contemporary economic challenges, and emphasizing that there is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical creativity either. The study will depend on the historical method and the content analysis method.

Key Words: China, Leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Poverty alleviation, Social & Economic development.

عنوان البحث

دور قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين

المستخلص

تناولت هذه الدراسة دور قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في التخفيف من حدة الفقر في المجتمع الصيني، بهدف إنجاز بناء مجتمع رغيد الحياة، وتعميق الإصلاح والإنفتاح، وحكم الدولة وفقاً للقانون بثبات، وإدارة الحزب بصرامة، وصولاً لبناء دولة إشتراكية حديثة، والدفع الشامل لعملية النهضة العظيمية للأمة الصينية.

لذلك هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم فاعلية دور الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في التخفيف من حدة الفقر في المجتمع الصيني، من خلال الإطلاع على السياسات العامة وأفكار الإشتراكية ذات الخصائص الصينية في العصر الحديث، وأهمها: حكم الحزب الصارم في مواجهة جميع التحديات، وكذلك الوعي الدقيق لكافة المشاكل والسعي لحلها، وأيضاً السعي إلى تحقيق مجتمع متناغم ومتقدم من خلال الاعتماد على الذات وتحقيق الإصلاح والإنفتاح، ومتابعة بناء الدولة الحديثة وتحقيق نهضة الأمة الصينية، والاستجابة لرغبات الناس، وجعل الناس محور العمل، والنهوض بالريف والتخفيف من حدة الفقر، وصولاً لتحقيق التنمية الإجتماعية والإقتصادية.

وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن دور قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في التخفيف من حدة الفقر في المجتمع الصيني، فعال وملموس، وله صفة الإستمرارية في النظرية والتطبيق، وهذا تم من خلال التمسك بسياسة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني بصرامة، وتعزيز الثقة بالنفس وتقوية الذات، وكذلك التمسك بالموروث القديم لخدمة الحاضر وتحقيق الإبتكار للمستقبل، وأيضاً الإجتهاد والعمل بإرادة قوية، من أجل تحقيق التقدم والتناغم، وصولاً لبناء دولة حضارية إشتراكية ذات خصائص صينية قادرة على تحقيق غد أفضل.

وعليه، تعتبر هذه الدراسة ذات أهمية لدراسات مستقبلية أخرى، للإستفادة من تجربة فاعلية دور قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في التخفيف من حدة الفقر في المجتمع الصيني، وخاصة أن هذا الدور اتسم بالجدية في التضامن والكفاح من أجل سعادة الإنسان وبناء مجتمع رغيد الحياة، في ظل النمو الإجتماعي السريع والتحديات الإقتصادية في الصين والعالم ككل، والتأكيد أن ليس للممارسة نهاية، كما أن ليس للإبداع النظري نهاية ايضاً. ستعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي بهدف تتبع التسلسل التاريخي للأحداث للوصول إلى النتائج التي تخدم موضوع الدراسة، وكذلك على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بهدف تحليل المعلومات والأحداث المتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة ومحاولة تحليلها ونقدها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الصين، قيادة الحزب الشيوعي الصيني، الإشتراكية ذات الخصائص الصينية، التخفيف من حدة الفقر، التنمية الإجتماعية والإقتصادية.

Chapter one: Study Background

Introduction

China is the largest developing country in the world, and it is the largest agricultural producer in the world also, and despite of achieving a large economic market system and a modern industrial system, agriculture still plays a major role in the economy and the state building.

One hundred years have passed since the founding of the Communist Party of China, and it strives earnestly, responsibly and self-reliantly to achieve a moderately prosperous society in all respects, building a modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics.

The founding of the Communist Party of China in July 1921 was a historic event in the history of China. And since its founding, the Party has taken the people’s happiness, fulfillment of their aspirations, and rejuvenated the nation’s aspirations, and has united and led the people for a better life for decades. For example, the Central Committee of the Party under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, sought to liberate the peasants and advance the countryside, and considered this the main issue of the revolution, which prompted the people to launch the agricultural revolution to achieve the goal of “land for the peasant”[1].

It is worth to mention here what Premier Li Qiang said, on May 2020, during the two sessions, there are 600 million people in China whose monthly income does not exceed 1,000 Yuan, and this confirms that China is a developing country[2]. However, according to World Bank statistics, China has lifted more than 850 million people out of extreme poverty in forty years, as a result of the rapid growth of the economy[3].

On February 25, 2021, at the National Poverty Alleviation Conference and Commended, it was announced that China had achieved a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty, and had completed the arduous task of eradicating extreme poverty—as a remarkable historical achievement[4].

Besides, on October 22, 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th CPC Central Committee, submitted the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, in which it was stated that Chinese modernization means coexistence between man and nature in harmony, and this modernization is proceeding in order to achieve peaceful development, leading to the building of the people’s renaissance, a comprehensive renaissance, and create a new development pattern based on comprehensive rural upgrading[5].

As a result, it is necessary to examine the means, tools, and criteria that led to achieving this, which is alleviating poverty in Chinese society within forty years and knowing the practical steps of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, to alleviate poverty in Chinese society, especially in light of the accelerating social and economic challenges.

This study comes to evaluate this experience and identify its effective features and characteristics, seek to benefit from that experience in similar cases, and foresee the future of that experience to help achieve the best, as the process of combating poverty is a phased process that does not stop. And this is the aim of the study.

The problem of the study examines the serious and effective of the steps of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in alleviating poverty in China, through a series of successive policies and means, such as making people the focus of work, strict party rule in facing all challenges, helping the poor in all circumstances and challenges, and advancing the countryside, and finally awareness of problems and seeking to solve them, in order to build a well-off society in a comprehensive and civilized way for a better future for the state with socialist characteristics.

The study will attempt to answer the following research questions: Is the role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in Chinese society effective? Is this role continuous and serious to achieve the desired goal? And is it possible to benefit from this experience for the success of other experiments?

The importance of the study lies in conducting other future studies with the aim of building on the achievements made, striving to achieve the best, and opening the door for other similar experiences to benefit from the Chinese experience.

Building a well-off society in an all-round way

Speaking of the characteristics of a well-off society in a comprehensive manner, it is necessary to look at some of the means and measures taken by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in order to mitigate and address the effects of poverty in rural China since 2015, the most important of which are the improvement of infrastructure, the use of the Internet, the provision of financial assistance and support for education, and industrial investment and the resettlement of substandard residents, thus lifting 10 million people out of poverty annually[6].

In 2013, China identified 832 poor counties across the country, and they were all helped to get rid of poverty on November 23, 2020, thus achieving the desired goal of building a well-off society in a comprehensive manner by 2021. Observers believe that with the rise in prices and the increase in social and economic growth, the challenges of education and medical care for the people, and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, remain a major concern for China in the future[7].

It is said that there is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical innovation either. The Chinese nation has a history and civilization that extends over thousands of years, perseverance was to put the people above everything, by strengthening self-confidence and self-reliance, which has led to a great revival of the Chinese nation, which is working with full responsibility and earnest to eradicate poverty as the strategic goal of the leadership and the people, with the aim of achieving prosperity and a better life[8].

In February 2021, Chinese President Xi Jinping declared during an official ceremony to honor those who have overcome poverty that China has achieved victory in its fight against poverty, and the arduous task of eradicating extreme poverty has been achieved by promoting a moderately prosperous society in all respects, which means that the world’s largest developing country, accounting for nearly a fifth of the world’s population, completed the first goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 10 years ahead of schedule, which is a remarkable achievement in human history for China[9].

It is worth noting that China thus entered a new era, especially after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, took the goal of strengthening the people’s desire to achieve a better life. And the severity of poverty is a major task and an indicator of achieving the first centenary goal, and the Chinese Communist Party then set goals that by 2020 will help all rural residents get out of poverty, mobilizing the entire party, and all sectors of society to engage in this battle, so experts believe that President Xi Jinping has always put poverty alleviation at the top of his agenda, and has put forward a series of important ideas and proposals to that end.[10].

For example, over the past eight years, President Xi Jinping has led that stage, made plans, personally managed the battle. Therefore, he has visited every one of the 14 contiguous slums across the country, more than 20 slum villages, and sat in the homes of poor families, with the aim of listening to their difficulties, suggestions, and needs, and building their confidence, belief, and determination that they can find their way out and eradicate poverty.[11]

As a result, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China has achieved the desired goal, and at the end of 2020, 98.99 million people in rural areas, who were living below the poverty line, have succeeded in getting rid of poverty; and all 128,000 slum villages and 832 slum counties also got rid of poverty.[12]

Accordingly, China celebrates the sixth National Poverty Alleviation Day, which falls on October 17 of each year, the same day that the United Nations celebrates the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, and this indicates that China is on the right track to achieve its goal of eradicating poverty rural areas by the year 2020, in line with the international agenda to combat poverty and mitigate its impacts on societies. Therefore, analyst said that in 2020, China realized its goal of eradicating absolute poverty nationwide, which means that over the past 40 years, China has lifted around 800 million people out of poverty[13].

Accordingly, it can be said that if society is cooperative, then government policies will be effective towards them, and this confirms the concerted efforts between the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people in order to alleviate the burden of poverty on Chinese society.

China is the global leader in poverty reduction, because more than 730 million Chinese lifted themselves out of poverty between 1990 and 2015, according to World Bank statistics, which takes decades to achieve in some of the most industrialized countries, and this indicates that China’s policies toward this goal are effective. In 2016, a World Bank report confirmed that the programs sponsored by China, increasing the earnings of the poor, early childhood development, providing quality education and health care, increasing cash transfers to poor families, quickly building rural infrastructure, and providing support to rebuild the homes of the poor, were effective to reduce the phenomenon of poverty in Chinese society[14].

Therefore, this also confirms that building a well-off society in a comprehensive manner, can only be achieved through achieving social and economic development in the Chinese countryside, which suffers from poverty more than others.

And according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the number of poor people in China was reported to have reached 16.6 million by the end of 2018, from nearly 100 million in late 2012; their income is above the poverty line[15]. Accordingly, observers believe that the criterion for eliminating poverty in China in rural areas is the daily per capita income level rise in accordance with international standards. For example, if the annual income of a farmer reaches 2,300 Yuan, he is lifted out of poverty, which is the poverty line set by China in 2010, but if we calculate it at purchasing power parity at that time, one dollar equals 3.3 Chinese Yuan, so 2,300 Yuan equals $697, or one dollar and 90 cents per capita income per day, noting that this is higher than the international poverty line at the time, which is equal to one dollar and 25 cents[16].

The Chinese government has also made great progress in improving people’s livelihood and achieving a comfortable life. For example, an expected 13 million job opportunities are created in different regions annually, which keeps the unemployment rate recorded at a low level of 4 percent during the current years. China’s High-Rapid and Extensive Economic Growth in achieving this remarkable success, this impressive achievement is the result of China’s poverty reduction framework consisting of three major components: (1) pro-poor economic growth policies, (2) a rural social safety net, (3) comprehensively development-oriented poverty alleviation strategies and programs, demonstrating that China’s leadership and dedication to poverty reduction are effective in both domestically and globally[17].

All of this indicates that China is on its way to achieving and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Therefore, the state has proven that it is the people, so striving for the happiness of the people and achieving social welfare for them is an essential requirement for building the state and the party, with the aim of public service and the exercise of governance to serve the people. And this measures have taken by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party to achieve basic services, and improve the people’s livelihood indicate that the process of achieving common prosperity has been pushed forward with firm steps.

Leadership of the Communist Party of China

“The (CPC) Led the People to Win Victory in the Revolution, Build the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Opening a New Journey towards Prosperity”[18].

The founding Goal

The founding of the Communist Party of China in July 1921 was a historic event in the history of China, as the party took the happiness of the people and the rejuvenation of the nation as its aspirations since its founding, and united, led the people to struggle for a better life over decades of struggle. The first generation of the central collective leadership of the Communist Party of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong regarded the liberation of the peasantry as the fundamental cause of the revolution, led the people to launch the agrarian revolution to achieve the goal of “land to peasant”, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, and won the democratic revolution and the foundations of the People’s Republic of China, and put an end to the continuous oppression, exploitation of the people, repeated wars, division of the country, and the achievement of the goals of national independence and liberation of the people, and accordingly, this has helped remove obstacles to China’s progress, and create the political conditions that China needed in order to achieve development Social and economic, with the aim of restoring national strength and joining forces to build a modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics that seeks to achieve prosperity and happiness for all[19].

Accordingly, the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949 contributed to the unification of the Chinese people behind the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party with the aim of building and concerting efforts to face all challenges, the most important of which is achieving social and economic development, paying attention to agricultural reform and advancing the countryside, and working firmly to abolish the feudal system in the country, which lasted for more than 2000 years ago.

It should be noted that the socialist system with Chinese characteristics was established as a basic institutional guarantee to address the root causes behind the slowdown in social and economic development, the most important of which is the alleviation and elimination of poverty, especially in light of rapid social growth and increasing economic challenges. Accordingly, an independent and more or less complete industrial and economic system has been established, and efforts have been made to develop the collective economy, improve farmland irrigation and water conservancy, develop rural education and cooperative medical services, and form a primary social security system, the Five Guarantees, [specify the National Agricultural Development Program ( 1956-1967) that agricultural cooperatives should provide adequate care for members of society who cannot work and do not have a family to support them, by providing them with adequate food, clothing, fuel, education (for children and adolescents), payment of burial expenses] and relief for people living in extreme poverty.[20]

Therefore, on 25 October 2022, The General Secretary Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee, submitted report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, in which he confirmed that we must hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively implement the ideas of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the modern era, enhance Party spirit, self-confidence and self-strengthening, stick to the origin while advancing and modernizing, and strengthen the spirit of work with steadfast and sincerity, harmony and solidarity to build a country Modern socialism in an all-round way, so as to realize the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and promote a well-off society for all Chinese[21].

This is confirmed by the Chinese Communist Party, with its leadership, seeking to achieve peaceful development, by preserving the cultural heritage and national struggle, in a spirit of humility, deliberation, simple lifestyle, and arduous struggle, leading to building a socialist state with advanced and civilized Chinese characteristics.

Achievements and Experiences during the past seven decades

With a history of more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has built a successful civilization, made remarkable contributions to mankind, and become one of the greatest civilizations in the world. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping said: The original aspiration and original mission of the Chinese Communists is to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenate the Chinese nation, and this original aspiration, this mission, is what inspires the Chinese Communists to advance and achieve success”[22].

The Communist Party of China has led the people with a spirit of humble work in arduous struggle over the past decades, and established the People’s Republic of China in 1949, marking China’s transition from feudal absolutism to people’s democracy with socialist characteristics. And to talk about those achievements and experiences during the past seven decades, we summarize them as follows:

– Economic development: per capita GDP increased from 168 to 318 Yuan, building a high-level socialist market economy system.

– Standard of living: The basic needs of the people have been met and the countryside has been promoted.

– Science and technology: more than 50 scientific technologies that have reached or are close to the level of global progress, and improve the innovation system.

– Education: A strong literacy campaign was launched, recreational schools were established, farmers’ access to education increased dramatically, and dependence on qualified people.

– Building an integrated health system: insurance and medical treatment for the health of the people.

– Institutional reform and building in accordance with the constitution and the law.

– Openness and international cooperation: presenting the five principles of peaceful coexistence, and restoring permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council, in pursuit of international peace and development.

In parallel, and when talking about the achievements of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to mention the main mechanisms that contributed to the success of this experiment and the achievement of those achievements within a short period, namely:

– The ability to mobilize the entire country: self-strengthening, self-confidence, serving the people, working diligently and perseveringly, seeking truth from facts, and building a centralized democratic state.

– Chinese wisdom and governance: the Four Modernizations, the Five-Year Integration, the development strategy (diplomatic, economic, and technological), and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in an all-round way.

– Strict political discipline and rules: political construction, the National Oversight Committee, party leadership over the army, ideological work, institutional building, rule of law.

– Strictly managing the Party: exercising full and strict control over the Party, deepening understanding and harmony, and implementing principles[23].

From the foregoing, it is noted that the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party has paid attention to improving the standard of living, building a well-off society in all respects, and building a modern socialist country in a comprehensive manner, where the basic needs of the Chinese people have been met, by reducing the phenomenon of extreme poverty, and living in peace and prosperity. Accordingly, General Secretary Xi Jinping said at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 18, 2017, that the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the only way to achieve socialist modernization and create a better life for the people, and he added that the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the basis for development and progress in Contemporary China, as well as, our Party unites and leads the people in the new great revolution of reform and opening up, after the Chinese people have endured great suffering from repeated wars, broken mountains and rivers, and poor livelihood[24].

In the coming chapters, we will talk in more detail with examples, to highlight the effective role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, its experiences and achievements, through the means and mechanisms used to reduce the spread of poverty in rural areas and remote areas, with the aim of eliminating this phenomenon and achieving sustainable social and economic development.

Chapter Two: Socialism Ideas with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

The party’s strict rule in the face of all challenges

Strict Party rule means discipline and adherence to strict political rules, through the political structure, the National Supervision Committee, the Party’s leadership of the army, ideological work, and institutional construction, in order to gain people’s support for the party with the aim of consolidating its position in governance[25]. Accordingly, the real test for the party is during its exercise of power, reform and openness, development of the market economy and adaptation to external conditions. That’s why, it is necessary to be always vigilant and not slack in serving the people and achieving the desired goal of development, reform and openness.

In 2014, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping, during his visit to Jiangsu Province, pointed out the need to coordinate and strengthen the implementation of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepen reform, comprehensively strengthen state governance in accordance with law, and party rule Strictly in a comprehensive manner, and push the opening up, reform and socialist modernization construction to a higher degree, and then the Party’s rule is comprehensively integrated into the strategic planning to realize the aforementioned four comprehensives[26].

The party leadership emphasized that a combination of ideological party building and party governance with a system must be adhered to, which means that the ideological party building must be ensured with a system, that is the party must be punctual, effective and practical in facing challenges. Therefore, the key to strict party governance in a comprehensive manner is to adhere to the decisive minority, and they are officials and cadres. Thus, officials and cadres at all levels must be strictly managed, in order to play a positive role and role model, to serve people and realize their aspirations[27].

Accordingly, the Party leadership considers it necessary to master the management of officials and cadres, make them properly understand the nature of their work, respect laws and discipline, respect the Party and the masses, and make power in their hands as clear as the sun, with the aim of strengthening governance and transparency, and strict governance with the aim of strengthening Party leadership, disciplined management, then the Party ruled with all-out rigor in order to achieve the interests of the people and the country[28].

And given the effective of the characteristics of strict party rule in facing all challenges, the most important of which are: caring for people, merit in work, strong leadership and effective governance, and adherence to controls, this reflects the secret of the success of the Chinese Communist Party leadership in facing challenges and achieving the desired goals, the most important of which is, for example, limiting the spread of extreme poverty in Chinese society. This indicates that there are comprehensive historical transformations and deep and fundamental changes in the issue of the party and the state, the most important of which is strict partisan governance in the face of every challenge, and this is considered one of the most important pillars of success in achieving the desired goals, by maintaining the continuity of work, whether at the level of alleviating poverty or otherwise of issues.

Strict party rule in the face of all challenges, this variable is considered one of the important variables in this study, and aims to enhance the effective role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party to build an advanced and civilized socialist country with Chinese characteristics, to embody a well-off society by combating the phenomenon of extreme poverty and reducing its spread in Chinese society, in order to effectively achieve social and economic development.

Awareness of problems and seeking to solve them

Moving on to talk about another variable in the context of identifying the evolution of the role and position of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in facing contemporary challenges, we will talk about the variable of awareness of the surrounding problems and seeking to solve them. While explaining the Central Committee’s decision on many important issues to deepen reforms comprehensively, General Secretary Xi emphasized Jinping said at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, that “awareness of problems should be strengthened and efforts should be directed to solve them”[29].

For example, the problem of selling the kiwi fruit product, and how the problem was overcome and seeking to solve it, which is produced in Changxi County, Sichuan Province, the most important producer of kiwi fruit in China, where the annual production volume of kiwi reached 100 thousand tons, but the reason for poor sales, the income of kiwi farmers there remained In 2016, e-shopping companies launched a platform to sell kiwi via an online service, which gave the consumer the opportunity directly contact the farmer and buy Changxi kiwi, and now a third of Changxi kiwi is sold online, which significantly increased farmers’ income, and thus improved their life and professional conditions[30].

This confirms that the overall deepening of reforms (awareness of problems and striving to solve them), and the strict governance of the Party in a comprehensive and coordinated manner are very important mechanisms for enhancing the role and effective of the CPC leadership in pursuing problems and seeking to solve them with the aim of mitigating the risks of these problems, achieving people’s satisfaction, and meeting their needs, in order to embody the prosperity of life for them and their families.

And since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party leadership has made a comprehensive analysis and systematic summary of the practical achievements and historical experience of China’s economic development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since the beginning of the reform and opening-up phase, and responding deeply to the era of economic development. The CPC’s efforts in the stages of revolution, construction and reform aim to unswervingly and resolutely solve the real problems in China.

It is worth noting that the central issue of the Chinese Communist Party is the development of union between the various people and their nationalities and with their leadership with Chinese characteristics based on China’s real conditions. For example, enhancing awareness of problems and directing efforts to solve them is a driving force for the development of the cause of modernization in China. And to clarify this matter, we present an example confirming that the role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, in cooperation with all segments of society, in reducing poverty in Chinese society is effective and positive: Haoyu Village, Bagongshan Township, Xu County, and Huainan City, Anhui Province[31].

In conclusion, this variable is considered one of the important variables in this study, and it confirms that the efficiency of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (party cadres) in the ability to identify problems and research to solve them, indicates that there is an active and increasing role of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in combating extreme poverty and limiting its spread in Chinese society, and according to those variables that reflect the effective of this party and its serious in progress, and continuous work towards many issues, foremost of which is the achievement of a well-off society in a comprehensive manner. This confirms that China is an advanced and civilized socialist country with Chinese characteristics.

Chapter Three: Building the State and Achieving the Revival of the Chinese Nation

Putting people at the center of work

Committed to developing the party’s spirit of struggle, reinforcing the aspirations of the people of all ranks and nationalities, despite challenges and pressures, advancing to face problems despite knowing their difficulty, and comprehensive planning in order to achieve progress and success, it is necessary to combine efforts and assume responsibility, by placing “the people first at the heart of work”.

This is a development idea to put people in the center of gravity of work, it is one of the goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and one of the principles to be followed in advancing the process of continuous economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has continued to pay attention to this important idea, stressing the need to put people in the center of gravity of work, which is the radical position of Marxist political economy, which is the embodiment of the primary goal of the Chinese Communist Party to achieve economic and social development, as it leads and unites the people in revolution, construction and reform, in order to give them a better life[32].

As an example, with regard to placing people at the center of work gravity among state employees and community members, the motivational role of employee monitoring in post-reform China, using data on the turnover rate of senior provincial leaders in China between 1979 and 1995, we found that leaders are more likely to be promoted Provinces with their economic performance, while they are less likely to be expelled by economic performance, and to interpret these empirical results as evidence that China uses people control to achieve good economic results, and this confirms the role of political incentives for government officials in promoting the development of the local economy[33].

Therefore, this confirms that putting state employees (party cadres and competencies) at the center of the workload leads to improving their job performance in serving the institution and the local community, and thus this will be reflected in improving their working conditions, developing the institution and achieving sustainable local development. That’s why, this is considered one of the incentives and plans of the state and the party to achieve growth and prosperity for the people, and this will certainly lead to alleviating the phenomenon of poverty, reducing its negative effects on society, and promoting sustainable development.

In the same context, the most important feature of the idea of achieving development is to put people in the center of gravity of work, towards the peasants and the advancement of the countryside in particular, who are certainly the labor force for the construction and progress of the Chinese Communist Party. The Green Bank project, for example, is the forest project in the province of Zunngong, Guizhou Province, focusing on environmental protection, market development, and building a well-off society for farmers with the aim of revitalizing the countryside, so it is considered a development project for entrepreneurial success and prosperity in the region[34]. This confirms that the Chinese government and the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party have a close relationship with the people, by following their needs and meeting their aspirations, and they constantly think, and pursue their interests, with the aim of achieving economic and social development in Chinese society, to reach a well-off society in all sectors.

In sum, adhering to the development idea of putting people in the center of gravity of work is the basic principle for setting economic policies and pushing economic development for further progress and prosperity. And by putting people at the center of gravity of the work, it reduces the spread of poverty in Chinese society, and achieves a fully prosperous society.

Rural advancement and poverty alleviation

We move on to talk about the last mechanism, in the last section of this study, which is related to the effective of the role of the Chinese Communist Party in alleviating poverty in Chinese society, through the advancement of rural areas, helping the poor, and alleviating poverty. Because helping the poor, alleviating poverty, improving people’s livelihood and promoting rural, China is the basic requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which is to achieve prosperity.

China considered 2020 the last year in China’s campaign to eradicate extreme poverty within its borders, as its 52 provinces that remained poor last year are located in seven provinces and autonomous regions of Sichuan Province, which are as follows, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where the people and government have accelerated efforts to tackle poverty in these administrative regions, which include 1,113 villages. Accordingly, officials and members of the public have shown great passion for concern for poverty alleviation, and are determined to work together to overcome difficulties and challenges, and create a miracle of poverty eradication in Chinese society[35].

The idea of promoting the countryside, helping the poor and alleviating poverty came as a result of concerted efforts between various leading and economic institutions, social organizations, individuals, and infrastructure, helping the poor through specific industries, helping the poor through social forces, and mobilizing social forces on a large scale in order to achieve this end.

Turning to the experience of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in reducing the phenomenon of poverty, it is necessary here to look at the realistic and vital experience, which contributed to enhancing the effective of the party’s role in eradicating poverty, which was the beginning of the insistence on helping the poor and eliminating poverty in rural and remote areas, as follows:

When he was in his 30s, Xi Jinping was sent to work in the early 1980s as a people’s official in Zhengding County, in northern Hebei Province. And there he began his reform experiments, then later on he became secretary of the Ningde County Party Committee in southeastern Fujian Province, “I have always felt a sense of uneasiness,” says President Xi in his book “Rising Up and Out of Poverty,” and “alleviating poverty is a monumental task that requires the efforts of several generations”. Over the next two decades, he placed his dream of eradicating poverty at the heart of China’s politics. “Xi’s reform stems from his experience”, said Shi Zhihong, former deputy director of the Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee[36].

This confirms that the role of the Chinese Communist Party leadership, represented by General Secretary Xi Jinping, is effective and serious in reducing poverty in Chinese society, in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development. For example, since taking office in 2012, Chinese President Xi Jinping has made eradicating extreme poverty a prerequisite for creating a “well-off society” by 2020. And at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Cabinet, the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee convened in October 2015, the CPC set the task of poverty eradication, rural revitalization and rehabilitation of all poor counties by 2020.

Some observers believe that prosperity has begun through the construction of roads, for example, the “Ban Long” road located in the Kashgar region in southern Xinjiang, where this 35-kilometer road was built on the back of the mountain in 2019, and it is the most winding road in the world, and it has become a single link Between the outside world and the village of Wachia, home to 2,700 people, most of whom are farmers, is the lifeline of the village. It is worth noting that by the end of 2019, the total length of rural roads in China reached 4 million and 40 thousand kilometers, which is 50 times what it was in 1949, that is, since the establishment of the state[37].

And with the improvement of infrastructure and the use of the Internet, as happened in the promotion of the kiwi product, the direct link between the farmer and the consumer through the smart application, Changxi County-Sichuan Province. China has followed carefully in order to remove poverty from the countryside and uplift the countryside, by taking various and important measures to achieve these goals, with the aim of overcoming the various causes of poverty since 2015, the most important of which are: the field support project, the Internet Plus project, the industry promotion project, the educational support project, the financial support project, the medical support project, and the resettlement project[38].

Accordingly, poverty alleviation in China entered a new phase of strengthening, expanding and linking the achievements of poverty alleviation to the comprehensive rural recovery and revitalization strategy, so that the focus shifted in alleviating poverty in rural and remote areas, from material assistance in order to narrow it only, to the prevailing cultural assistance, which has also gained increasing importance, especially in light of the aforementioned targeted measures adopted by China in 2015, which are development projects for multiple purposes in order to combat poverty and advance rural areas. Thus, this requires a serious commitment to the national strategy for poverty reduction based on rational thinking in the practice of alleviating poverty, and with a cultural orientation in order to meet the needs of the era of transformation in the work system, and reshaping the cultural support system in poor areas. That’s why, the leadership of the party, in line with the era of the national strategy for poverty reduction and the steady transformation of the work system, took a decision on the need to improve the leadership system, by training and educating employees who will maintain direct contact with people, and studying the surrounding environment, in order to raise awareness and study needs and problems, and striving to solve it with the aim of achieving the desired goal, which is the advancement of rural areas, helping the poor and combating poverty[39].

On February 25, 2021, at the National Poverty Alleviation Conference, was announced that China had achieved an all-out victory in the fight against poverty, and had completed the arduous task of eradicating extreme poverty[40]. Besides, in December 2018, the United Nations General Assembly, at its seventy-third session, passed a resolution on the eradication of rural poverty, integrating the concepts and practices of “accurate poverty alleviation” and “cooperation and win-win” in it, targeting is the only way to help the poorest people and achieve the ambitious goals set by the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development[41].

Chapter Four: Results & Recommendations

By reviewing, analyzing and highlighting the role of the Communist Party of China leadership in alleviating poverty in Chinese society, as discovered and detailed above, the results of this study indicate that the role of the leadership of the Communist Party in alleviating poverty in Chinese society is an effective and continuous role, and the most important features and characteristics of this role are as follows:

China’s victory in the battle against poverty as the world’s largest developing country, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, resolutely leading the CPC, consolidating the Party’s achievements and experience, rigorously embodying Party rule in the face of all challenges, raising awareness of problems and striving to solve them, and making people the focus Work, improve the countryside and alleviate poverty, rejuvenate the Chinese nation, build a modern socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and achieve reform and opening up under advanced social and economic development.

In light of these results, the study carried a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:

– Benefit from the globally inspiring Chinese experience to reduce poverty in different regions.

– Enhancing relations of cooperation and joint action with other countries to benefit from the results of sustainable development.

– Motivating China to continue, especially since the process needs follow-up, after the concepts and mechanisms of poverty alleviation in China were integrated with the United Nations Plan for Sustainable Development in 2030, United Nations Session No. 73, and December 2018.

– Helping China to open more regional and international relations with developing countries to benefit from the Chinese experience in combating poverty.

– Playing a leading role in the international system in reducing poverty

– Enhancing the process of building and joint cooperation with others for the success of the Chinese economic belt and road initiative.

– Motivate others to deepen international cooperation with China in order to solve other development issues.

– Motivating the world to move forward in building a community with a common future for all mankind.

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Margins:

  1. In 1921, the great Communist Party of China, marching under the banner of the Communist Party of China. ↑
  2. قناة CGTN العربية (2021). مسيرة مكافحة الفقر في الصين، تقرير نشر في GMT 08:03 2021-03-09. ↑
  3. The same previous reference. ↑
  4. Hong, Zhao: Ending China’s poverty by 2020, CGTN news, 17 Oct, 2019. ↑
  5. 2022-10-25 22:20:16|arabic.news.cn. Full text of the report submitted to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, October 25, 2022 (Xinhua), the report delivered by Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 22, 2022. ↑
  6. مرجع سبق ذكره، قناة CGTN العربية (2021). مسيرة مكافحة الفقر في الصين، تقرير نشر في GMT 08:03 2021-03-09. ↑
  7. The same previous reference. ↑
  8. The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2021).

    ↑

  9. Zhenhong, Qi (2021). ↑
  10. Ibid. P2. ↑
  11. Ibid. P3. ↑
  12. Ibid. P4. ↑
  13. Yongnian, Zheng (2020). ↑
  14. Omoruyi, Ehizuelen (2019). ↑
  15. Ibid. P2. ↑
  16. مرجع سبق ذكره، قناة CGTN العربية (2021). مسيرة مكافحة الفقر في الصين، تقرير نشر في GMT 08:03 2021-03-09. ↑
  17. Shouyong, Hu (2022). ↑
  18. The reference was mentioned: In 1921, the great Communist Party of China, marching under the banner of the Communist Party of China. ↑
  19. The Reference was mentioned: The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2021). ↑
  20. Ibid. ↑
  21. The reference was mentioned: 2022-10-25 22:20:16|arabic.news.cn. Full text of the report submitted to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, October 25, 2022 (Xinhua), the report delivered by Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 22, 2022. ↑
  22. Liu, Harry (2019). ↑
  23. Ibid. ↑
  24. Jinping, Xi (2022). ↑
  25. The same previous reference. ↑
  26. He Ye Ting (2017). P254. ↑
  27. Ibid. P257. ↑
  28. Ibid. P263. ↑
  29. The reference was mentioned: He Ye Ting (2017). P276. ↑
  30. مرجع سبق ذكره، قناة CGTN العربية (2021). مسيرة مكافحة الفقر في الصين، تقرير نشر في GMT 08:03 2021-03-09. ↑
  31. The reference was mentioned: 2022-10-25 22:20:16|arabic.news.cn. Full text of the report submitted to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, October 25, 2022 (Xinhua), the report delivered by Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th CPC Central Committee, October 22, 2022. ↑
  32. Xi Jinping, IV (2022). P61. ↑
  33. Hongbin Li, Li –A Zhou (2005). P1743-1762. ↑
  34. The reference was mentioned: He Ye Ting (2017). P81. ↑
  35. Binyu, Zhao (2021). ↑
  36. CGTN news: 25 Feb, 2021. ↑
  37. مرجع سبق ذكره، قناة CGTN العربية (2021). مسيرة مكافحة الفقر في الصين، تقرير نشر في GMT 08:03 2021-03-09. ↑
  38. المرجع السابق نفسه. ↑
  39. Heilmann, Sebastian. (2018). ↑
  40. The Reference was mentioned: The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2021). ↑

  41. صحيفة الشعب اليومية (2021). تعليق: الصين تساهم في دفع قضية الحد من الفقر في العالم، خير نشر بتاريخ 2021:03:02.13:53:02 ↑